Current societal demands call for more sustainable food and feed production systems and healthier food and feed products and diets. This demand is at the heart of European policies such as the Green Deal and Food2030 . Through these policies, Europe is pursuing its ambition for the development of innovative and high-quality food and feed products that are safe and produced in a more sustainable manner. Hence, a wide range of innovative food and feed products is expected to reach the EU market in the future and novel (production, processing and application) technologies be applied (e.g. new or alternative protein sources, new whole foods and feeds such as insects or algae, in vitro meat or food and feed products obtained through synthetic biology, 3D food printing and nanotechnology). Some of these developments may pose risk assessment challenges, requiring new or updated safety assessment approaches. We will therefore explore risk assessment development needs for innovative food and feed products, and discuss how risk assessment approaches and post-market surveillance may need to be advanced to safeguard the safety of future food and feed. This should ensure preparedness and address societal demands for better protection of human and animal health as part of the One Health approach.